Tag: resistance

Evaluation of yield and yield components of groundnut genotypes under Cercospora leaf spots disease pressure – IJAAR

David Sewordor Gaikpa, Richard Akromah, James Yaw Asibuo, Zippora Appiah- Kubi, Daniel Nyadanu

Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crop Research Institute, Fumesua-Kumasi, Ghana

Key words: Cercospora, Evaluation, Groundnuts, Resistance, Yield.

Abstract

Yield reduction in groundnut genotypes has been attributed to many factors including Cercospora leaf spots disease. Knowing the groundnut varieties that are tolerant to this disease and at the same time having higher yield potentials would help farmers and breeders to make the right choice of a variety for cultivation or for further improvement. Continue reading Evaluation of yield and yield components of groundnut genotypes under Cercospora leaf spots disease pressure – IJAAR

Comparative population growth and losses cause by beetle Trogoderama granarium (Everts) to selected past and present wheat genotypes – IJAAR

Sajid Ali Rajput, Muhmmad Siddique Khanzad, Ghulam Husssain Abro, Shagufta Rani Khanzada, Tajwar Sultana Syed, Wang Su

Department of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan

Institue of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, China

State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou , China 5Department of Biological Invasions Institute of Plant Protection. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, China

Key words: Genotypes, Resistance, Trogoderama granarium, Varieties, Wheat.

Abstract

Studies were carried out to investigate the population growth and grain weight loss caused by Khapra beetle, Trogoderama granarium (Everts) to thirty recently evolved and old wheat genotypes for their resistance under laboratory conditions. For this twenty newly emerged (<10h old) larvae of Khapra beetle from laboratory culture were released in each jar containing a standard sample of 1000 wheat grains. The experiment was replicated 3 times. The evaluation was based on pest population development, percent infestation and % weight loss. The highest population build up was recorded in T13 Triticum aestivum that harbored 370.67 adults, followed by T18 Triticum aestivum harboring 277.00. The lowest population was recorded in T1 Triticum aestivum cv. Barani-70 holding 38.00 adults followed by T5 Triticum aestivum cv. TJ – 83 having 54.67 adult Khapra beetles per treatment. The pest population in most susceptible genotype was almost 10 times higher than the least susceptible genotype. The highest infestation (97.23 %) was recorded in variety T13 with 44.26% weight loss. The least percent infestation (18.46%) was recorded in T1 Triticum aestivum cv. Barani -70 showing 6.99% weight loss. The difference of weight loss between the most and the least susceptible genotype was also approximately six times higher. These varieties were designated as the most tolerant and susceptible varieties, respectively. The remaining genotypes/ varieties were intermediate in their response to pest infestation and weight loss and could be termed as moderately susceptible.

Get the original articles in Source: Volume 6, Number 5, May 2015 – IJAAR

Journal Name: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

Published By: International Network for Natural Sciences

Related Post: Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 5 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) grown in Hormozgan Province – IJAAR

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New sources of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum

P.W. Muturi, P. Rubaihayo, M. Mgonja, S. Kyamanywa, J. Kibuka, H.C. Sharma

Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University P.O. BOX 7062, Kampala, Uganda

International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, P.O. Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India

Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Chilo partellus, resistance, tolerance.

4611722957_caf75c5006_z_1Abstract

The lepidopteran Chilo partellus Crambid, an introduced pest in East and southern Africa from Asia, is the most economically important stem borer species infesting cereals in Africa. Chilo partellus causes more than 40% yield loss in sorghum in East Africa. Cultural strategies, biological control using parasitoids, as well as pesticides are being employed, but are either ineffective or uneconomic for resource constrained farmers in cereal production. Thus host resistance remains the most economic viable strategy. Sorghum is an African crop and has thus co-evolved with several pests, inherently developing resistance to them as well as C. partellus. Moreover, C. partellus is exotic with limited sources of resistance in local sorghum. Sorghum from other ecologies with a long history of C. partellus infestation could thus provide additional and new sources of resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate a panel of local and exotic sorghum genotypes for resistance to C. partellus. Seven genotypes from East Africa and twenty from India were evaluated at Kiboko, Kenya, for tolerance/resistance to C. partellus during long- and short-rainy seasons of 2010. Test plants were artificially infested with five stem borer neonates, and data were recorded on leaf feeding, deadhearts, stem tunneling and exit holes as well as agronomic parameters. Based on selection index generated, genotypes ICSA 472, ICSA 473, ICSV 700 and ICSA 464 were resistant owing to antibiosis and antixenosis mechanisms of resistance. These genotypes can be used in sorghum improvement to develop cultivars with high grain yield and resistance to C. partellus.

Get the original articles in Source: Volume 2, Number 8, August 2012 – IJAAR

Published By: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)

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Comparative population growth and losses cause by beetle Trogoderama granarium (Everts) to selected past and present wheat genotypes

Sajid Ali Rajput, Muhmmad Siddique Khanzad, Ghulam Husssain Abro, Shagufta Rani Khanzada, Tajwar Sultana Syed, Wang Su

Department of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan

Institue of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, China

State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou , China 5Department of Biological Invasions Institute of Plant Protection. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, China

Key words: Genotypes, Resistance, Trogoderama granarium, Varieties, Wheat.

Abstract

JJ-Red-Golden-1655Studies were carried out to investigate the population growth and grain weight loss caused by Khapra beetle, Trogoderama granarium (Everts) to thirty recently evolved and old wheat genotypes for their resistance under laboratory conditions. For this twenty newly emerged (<10h old) larvae of Khapra beetle from laboratory culture were released in each jar containing a standard sample of 1000 wheat grains. The experiment was replicated 3 times. The evaluation was based on pest population development, percent infestation and % weight loss. The highest population build up was recorded in T13 Triticum aestivum that harbored 370.67 adults, followed by T18 Triticum aestivum harboring 277.00. The lowest population was recorded in T1 Triticum aestivum cv. Barani-70 holding 38.00 adults followed by T5 Triticum aestivum cv. TJ – 83 having 54.67 adult Khapra beetles per treatment. The pest population in most susceptible genotype was almost 10 times higher than the least susceptible genotype. The highest infestation (97.23 %) was recorded in variety T13 with 44.26% weight loss. The least percent infestation (18.46%) was recorded in T1 Triticum aestivum cv. Barani -70 showing 6.99% weight loss. The difference of weight loss between the most and the least susceptible genotype was also approximately six times higher. These varieties were designated as the most tolerant and susceptible varieties, respectively. The remaining genotypes/ varieties were intermediate in their response to pest infestation and weight loss and could be termed as moderately susceptible.

Sources:

*Pdf: http://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/IJAAR-V6No5-p66-77.pdf

Maternal genetic effect of resistance to rice yellow mottle virus disease in rice

E.Munganyinka, R. Edema, J. Lamo, P. Gibson, D. Gahakwa

Rwanda Agriculture Board, P. O. Box, 5016, Kigali, Rwanda

Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala,Uganda

National Crops Resources Research Institute, P. O. Box, 7084, Kampala, Uganda

Key words: Rice, resistance, yellow mottle virus, maternal, Genetic effect.

Abstract

rice-plantReciprocal selection is a breeding procedure for population improvement and hybrid development. Both female and male parents contribute genes to their offspring, but the influence of female parent often extends beyond simple genetic transmission. Nine parents were crossed in a full diallel and evaluated for maternal genetic effects for resistance to rice yellow mottle virus disease. This study was conducted in a green house at National Crops Resources Research Institute, Uganda. In the F2 generation evaluated, eight out of the 14 reciprocal crosses showed significant reciprocal effects. The results revealed that cytoplasmic gene effects played a role in modifying resistance to RYMV with enhanced resistance when the resistant parent was used as female. Parental lines Gigante, Nerica 4 and Nerica 6 as the female produced progenies with better resistance than when they were used as the male parent. Segregation patterns generally suggested the presence of one or two genes with modifications beyond Mendelian ratios. This also revealed that the resistance to RYMV was affected by a very complex interaction of cytoplasm and nuclear genes. In the light of these results, care should be taken in consideration while selecting the female parents in hybridization programs.

Sources:

*Pdf: http://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/IJAAR-V6No4-p213-221.pdf